Vortex-induced vibration occurs when fluid flow, such as wind or ocean currents, interacts with a cable, creating alternating vortices in the wake of the cable. These vortices generate periodic forces perpendicular to the cable axis, causing it to oscillate at frequencies that can resonate with the cable's natural frequency, amplifying vibration amplitudes . In submarine cables, this phenomenon is triggered when currents expose or suspend the cable above the seabed, while in aerial cables, low-velocity wind can induce small-amplitude resonant vibrations .
The oscillations from VIV induce torsional and transverse stress in the optical fibers embedded within the cable. Studies using fluid–structure coupling simulations show that the stress distribution in torsional optical fibers mirrors itself at half-cycle intervals of vibration, and the stress frequency matches the vortex shedding frequency . This stress can lead to fatigue, microbending, and potential signal degradation, especially in long-span installations like optical-fiber ground wires (OPGW) or submarine power transmission cables .
Distributed optical fiber sensing technology is commonly employed to monitor VIV in submarine cables, offering real-time, high-precision, and long-distance stress detection . For aerial cables, understanding terrain and wind velocity is crucial, as vortex-induced vibration is most pronounced at wind speeds between 3 km/h and 30 km/h, with terrain features significantly influencing vibration intensity . Cable design strategies, such as tension optimization, damping devices, and vortex suppressors, are used to mitigate VIV effects.
In addition to mechanical VIV, optical vortex beams transmitted through fiber systems can be affected by external perturbations like fiber bending or axial stress. Experimental studies show that structural stability of transmitted optical vortices can be influenced by these mechanical stresses, highlighting the interplay between mechanical vibrations and optical signal integrity .
The vortex effect in optical cables is a critical factor in both mechanical and optical performance. VIV can induce torsional and transverse stresses, potentially affecting signal quality and cable longevity. Monitoring via distributed sensing and careful cable design are essential to mitigate these effects, while understanding the interaction between mechanical vibrations and optical vortex transmission is important for high-precision fiber systems .
An optical vortex (OV) is defined as a beam of light characterized by a donut-shaped transverse profile and a spiral wavefront,
We investigate the interference of high-order perfect optical vortex (POV) beams with different topological charges.
What kinds of VIV are there? Self-excited oscillations - this type of VIV is what occurs naturally, i.e., when the vortex-shedding
Optical vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have found numerous applications in optical manipulation, optical
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of large-span cables has become a significant engineering problem to be solved. As a
The optical Talbot effect has been used to explore the topological charges of optical
Fiber Stripping The outer sheath of fiber cables can be removed using electrical cable stripping tools, and scissors or a razor blade
In optics, the topological defects normally appear as phase and polarization singularities
In this contribution, the finite element simulation model of a 35 kV three-core optical fiber composite submarine cable
Suitably designed multicore fibres can support stable and coherent propagation of high-power optical vortices, find an
Suspended cables are susceptible to vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in the complex marine environment. Previous
Abstract Under the current scouring, submarine cables are prone to be exposed, suspended, and even vortex-induced vibration
Light fields embedded with orbital angular momentum (OAM)- also known as optical vortices (OVs)- have truly revolutionized optics
At the same time, the above research lacks the analysis of the mechanical response characteristics of the optical fiber
Furthermore, the suspended span section of the submarine cable
Wind drives mechanical oscillations in aerial fiber-optic cable installations. Aeolian, vortex-induced, cable-galloping and wake
The fluid–structure coupling method and finite element simulation
Vortex-induced vibrations can lead to fatigue and friction of submarine cables, which seriously threaten the operational
Vortex-induced vibration occurs under sustained, low-velocity winds and cause optical cable to resonate at frequencies up to 150 Hz
It can provide theoretical support for the realization of submarine power cable vortex induced vibration monitoring by using distributed
In this paper, a two-dimensional spring-damping vortex vibration model is established considering the effect of
The phase structure of vortex beam was detected by interfering both the beams using simple fiber-optic interferometer.
To address both illumination issues and the common vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of bridge cables, a perforated
For light, its spin can be independent of the spatial distribution of its wave function, whereas its intrinsic orbital
In this contribution, a finite element simulation model of 110-kV single-core optical fibre composite submarine cable is
Besides optical vortex beams, some other vortices, such as electron vortex beams, neutron atom vortex beams, plasmonic vortices
Explore the fascinating world of optical vortices, their impact on photonics, and how they''re revolutionizing data
Torsional Optical Fiber Stress Analysis and Vortex-Induced Vibration Study of Three-Core Submarine Cable. Journal
To investigate the stress distribution and its development law of the torsional optical fiber during vortex-induced
Due to current scouring, submarine cables are prone to be exposed, suspended, and even vortex-induced vibration,
Because it is complicated to carry out the vortex-induced vibration experiments of submarine cables, it is more suitable
Our study overcame the difficulty in testing the vortex-induced vibration of submarine cables and provided a viable
In this review article, we have discussed the theory of polarization and phase vortices, and then summarized the
In section 5.2.3 Simulation results of mechanical response characteristics of vortex-induced vibration, specify which
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