1. Single-Mode Optical Fiber (SMF) Single-mode cables have a small core diameter (~8.3 µm) and support long-distance transmission, often exceeding 50 km. They are ideal for data centers, enterprise networks, and fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications due to low signal loss and high bandwidth performance . 2. Multimode Optical Fiber (MMF) Multimode cables have larger cores (50 µm or 62.5 µm) and shorter transmission distances, typically 550 meters to 2 km. They are widely used in local area networks (LANs), short-distance communications, and data centers . Variants include OM2, OM3, OM4, and OM5, optimized for different laser-based equipment and high-speed Ethernet applications . 3. Indoor Optical Fiber Designed for indoor environments, these cables are lightweight, flexible, and bend-resistant. They include indoor single-mode, indoor multimode, and unshielded types, suitable for homes, offices, and hotels . 4. Outdoor Optical Fiber Outdoor cables are engineered for harsh environments, offering weather resistance, anti-aging, and mechanical protection. Types include non-metallic, metallic, and armored cables, suitable for urban roads, bridges, tunnels, and long-distance networks . 5. Special Optical Fiber Specialty cables include optical fiber sensor cables, gyroscope cables, and hydrophone cables, used in aerospace, marine exploration, and geological applications .
Optical cables are classified using standardized codes that indicate their structure and materials :
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