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How many optical modules can be installed in an RRU

How many optical modules can be installed in an RRU

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Typically, one RRU requires 1 to 2 optical modules, with 2–6 optical fibers connecting it to the BBU depending on network configuration and capacity requirements.

Optical Module Requirements

An RRU connects to the Baseband Unit (BBU) via optical fiber using optical modules. The exact number of modules depends on the RRU model, network type (4G or 5G), and the number of sectors or carriers supported. In 4G networks, RRUs generally require at least 2–6 core optical fibers for transmission, which can be implemented using one or two optical modules per RRU . These modules can be 1.25G, 2.5G, 6G, or 10G depending on the data rate and distance between the BBU and RRU .

Factors Affecting Module Count

  1. RRU Model and Ports: Different RRU models, such as Huawei RRU3971 or RRU5517t, have multiple CPRI or eCPRI ports. Each port may require a separate optical module or share a module via wavelength division multiplexing .
  2. Network Architecture: In distributed base stations, one BBU can serve multiple RRUs. Using CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing) allows multiple RRUs to share a single optical module, reducing the total number of modules required .
  3. Capacity and Redundancy: High-capacity or multi-sector RRUs may need additional optical modules to handle multiple carriers or provide redundancy for reliability .

Practical Recommendation

  • Standard 4G RRU: Usually 1 optical module per RRU, sometimes 2 if redundancy or multiple carriers are needed.
  • High-capacity or 5G RRU: May require 2 optical modules to support higher data rates and multiple sectors.
  • Fiber Planning: Ensure 2–6 optical fibers per RRU, depending on the number of sectors and the use of multiplexing techniques . In summary, most RRUs are equipped with 1–2 optical modules, with the exact number determined by the RRU model, network design, and required capacity. Proper planning ensures efficient BBU-RRU connectivity and supports future network expansion.
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