Indoor fiber optic cables are designed for installation inside buildings where environmental conditions are controlled. They typically feature a tight-buffered design that prioritizes flexibility, ease of handling, and fire safety. Common jacket materials include LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) or PVC, which comply with building fire codes. Indoor cables are ideal for data centers, telecom rooms, and structured cabling systems, offering a small bend radius, lightweight design, and easy termination. They are not built to withstand moisture, UV exposure, or extreme temperatures, so using them outdoors can lead to network failure and costly replacements .
Outdoor fiber optic cables are engineered for harsh environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature fluctuations, UV exposure, and mechanical stress. They often use a loose-tube design filled with water-blocking gel and protected by PE jackets. Some outdoor cables also include armoring for rodent protection and enhanced tensile strength. These cables are suitable for direct burial, aerial installations, and outside plant (OSP) networks, providing long-term durability and resistance to environmental hazards .
For applications that require a cable to transition from outdoor to indoor environments, indoor-outdoor rated cables are available. These combine the durability of outdoor cables with the fire safety compliance of indoor cables, allowing safe entry into buildings without violating fire codes .
Outdoor optical cables have higher tensile strength, thicker protective layer, which are usually armoured (i.e. metal skin wrapped).
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