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Test Method for Insertion Loss of Cold Joint

Test Method for Insertion Loss of Cold Joint

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Insertion loss of a cold-joint can be measured using a light source and optical power meter, following a reference-setting procedure to quantify signal loss across the joint.

Equipment Needed

  • Optical Power Meter (PM): Calibrated for the fiber type and wavelength.
  • Stabilized Light Source (LS): LED for multimode (850/1300 nm) or laser for singlemode (1310/1550 nm).
  • Reference Cables: Short, low-loss patch cords matching the fiber type.
  • Connector Inspection Microscope: To check connector cleanliness and integrity.
  • Connector Cleaner Kit: Wet/dry cleaning tools for connectors.
  • Mating Adapters: To connect reference cables to the cable under test.

Step-by-Step Procedure

  1. Clean and Inspect Connectors: Ensure all connectors, adapters, and reference cords are clean and free of defects to avoid skewed results .
  2. Set Reference: Connect a reference cord directly between the light source and power meter. Set the meter to 0 dB to establish a baseline . This accounts for the reference cord's inherent loss.
  3. Connect the Cold-Joint: Disconnect the far end of the reference cord from the power meter and connect it to one end of the cable containing the cold-joint. Attach a second reference cord from the far end of the cable to the power meter .
  4. Measure Insertion Loss: The meter now displays the total insertion loss, including the cold-joint. Record the value in dB. A higher dB indicates greater signal loss.
  5. Interpret Results: Compare the measured loss to standard limits (e.g., ≤0.1 dB per connector for multimode fiber). Excessive loss may indicate a poor splice or cold-joint issue .

Notes on Accuracy

  • One-Cord Reference Method: Industry standard for most accurate total loss measurement, including both connectors at the joint .
  • Two- or Three-Cord Methods: Used if connector types differ or equipment interfaces are incompatible .
  • Multiple Measurements: Take readings at different wavelengths if testing singlemode fiber to ensure comprehensive assessment .

Optional Non-Destructive Structural Assessment

For cold joints in concrete or structural materials, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) or Impact-Echo methods can evaluate uniformity and detect anomalies, though these do not measure optical insertion loss .

By following this procedure, you can quantitatively assess the insertion loss at a cold-joint, identify potential weak points, and ensure the joint meets performance standards.

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