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How to stretch an independent optical cable

How to stretch an independent optical cable

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How to stretch an independent optical cable - BENNIE OPTICAL [PDF]

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Stretching or extending a fiber optic cable must be done carefully to avoid exceeding its mechanical limits, which can weaken the fiber or degrade signal quality.

Understand Fiber Elongation and Tension Limits

Fiber optic cables have a defined elongation percentage, which is the maximum extension under stress that the cable can safely withstand. Exceeding this limit can create microcracks, weaken the fiber, or even break it, leading to signal loss or failure . Two key indicators are used:

  • Maximum Operating Tension (MOT): The long-term tension the cable can safely handle, typically less than 0.2% elongation relative to its idle state .
  • Maximum Allowable Tension (MAT): The short-term tension the cable can withstand during events like storms or snow loads .

Use Proper Pulling Techniques

When stretching a fiber optic cable:

  • Pull by the strength member, not the outer jacket. The internal Kevlar or aramid yarn provides the cable's tensile strength, while the outer jacket can stretch or tear if used for pulling .
  • Expose the strength member by carefully stripping a small portion of the jacket, then loop it through a pull-eye and secure it with tape or knots .
  • Avoid twisting or bending the cable beyond its minimum bend radius, which varies by cable type (modern bend-insensitive fibers can tolerate smaller radii than older fibers), .

Extending Cable Length

If the cable needs to be longer than available pre-terminated lengths:

  • Use fiber optic couplers or connectors to join multiple cables. Ensure proper alignment and polarity to maintain signal integrity .
  • Splicing is another option:
    • Fusion splicing melts the fiber ends together for a permanent, low-loss connection.
    • Mechanical splicing uses connectors to align fibers for a temporary or semi-permanent connection .

Installation Considerations

  • Check MAT/weight ratio to ensure the cable can handle its own weight plus environmental stress, aiming for a ratio greater than 2.1 .
  • Adjust sag and tension according to the installation guide, especially for overhead cables, to prevent excessive stress .
  • Protect connectors and pigtails with armored designs or protective tubes to prevent damage during pulling . By following these guidelines, you can safely stretch or extend an independent optical cable while maintaining its mechanical integrity and signal performance.
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