1. Singlemode Optical Fiber Singlemode cables have a small core diameter (~8–9 microns) and support long-distance, high-speed transmission, often exceeding 50 kilometers. They are ideal for data centers, enterprise networks, and fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications due to minimal signal loss and high bandwidth capacity . 2. Multimode Optical Fiber Multimode cables feature larger cores (50–62.5 microns) and are suitable for shorter distances, typically 550 meters to 2 kilometers. They are commonly used in local area networks (LANs), data centers, and short-range communications . 3. Indoor Optical Fiber Designed for indoor environments, these cables are lightweight, flexible, and resistant to bending. They are suitable for homes, offices, and hotels, and include indoor singlemode, multimode, and unshielded variants . 4. Outdoor and Special-Purpose Cables Outdoor cables are built to withstand environmental stress, including UV exposure, moisture, and temperature variations. Special-purpose cables include submarine cables, armored cables, and self-supporting aerial cables .
Optical cables are often identified by standardized codes indicating their type, reinforcement, structure, and protective layers:
Unlike copper cables that transmit electrical signals, fiber optic cables transmit data as light, offering higher bandwidth, longer transmission distances, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Copper cables remain in use for short-range or cost-sensitive applications, but fiber optics dominate high-speed, long-distance communication networks .
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