Proximity to Power Supply: The main distribution box should be installed as close as possible to the incoming power source to minimize voltage drop and ensure efficient power distribution to sub-distribution boxes and switch boxes . Environmental Considerations: The box must be located in a ventilated, dry area with normal temperature. It should be protected from harmful media such as gas, steam, flue gases, liquids, and areas prone to impact, vibration, or heat sources. Adequate space should be provided around the box for at least two people to work safely, and the area should be free of obstructions like weeds or stacked materials . Hierarchical Distribution: Construction sites typically use a three-level distribution system. The main distribution box serves as the primary hub, feeding sub-distribution boxes, which in turn supply switch boxes near concentrated electrical loads. The distance between the main distribution box and sub-distribution boxes should generally not exceed 30 meters, and switch boxes should be within 3 meters of the equipment they control . Safety and Accessibility: The box should be made of iron or high-quality insulating material with sufficient thickness (≥1.5mm). All connections must be insulated, with protective neutral and working neutral separated. The layout should allow easy access for maintenance and emergency shutdowns . Load Planning: The main distribution box should be sized according to the total load of the site, including peak demands and high inrush current equipment such as cranes, concrete pumps, and elevators. Proper phase balancing and short feeder planning are essential to prevent overloading and voltage drops .
The primary power distribution box should be centrally located near the power supply, in a safe, dry, and accessible area, and serve as the central hub for all site electrical distribution. It must comply with environmental, safety, and load management requirements, forming the top level of a hierarchical distribution system that ensures reliable and efficient power delivery across the construction site .
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