Optical Splitter Specifications and Models Table

Optical splitters are passive devices that divide a single optical signal into multiple outputs, available in FBT and PLC types with various split ratios and packaging options for FTTH and PON networks.

Types of Optical Splitters

1. FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) Splitters

• Low-cost, ideal for small splits such as 1:2 or 1:4
• Suitable for short-distance or small-scale deployments
• Power distribution may vary slightly between outputs 2. PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) Splitters
• Highly uniform signal splitting, preferred for large splits like 1:32 or 1:64
• Compact, ruggedized packaging for outside plant (OSP) use
• Bend-insensitive single-mode fiber reduces loss in tight-radius installations
• Compatible with GPON, XGS-PON, NG-PON2, BPON, EPON, and RFoG networks

Split Ratios and Architectures

• Split ratios define how many outputs a single input is divided into, e.g., 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, and some odd ratios like 1:3 or 1:5
• Each doubling of the split ratio reduces output power by roughly 3 dB
• Centralized splitting: Splitters are located in a central office or cabinet, allowing flexible customer assignment via jumpers
• Distributed splitting: Splitters are deployed in closures or pedestals in the field, with fixed customer assignments

Packaging and Models

• Bare Fiber Splitters: Fragile, require protective housing; input/output fiber diameter typically 250 µm
• Micro-Splitters: Miniaturized, stronger fiber protection, used in network cabinets or distribution boxes
• Cassette Splitters: Complete protection for inner optical components, convenient installation, larger volume
• Tray Splitters: Installed in 19” ODF or cabinets, available in pigtail or adapter types, designed for channel capacity expansion
• Rack Panel Splitters: Modular design for rack-mounted cabinets, reliable and easy to maintain
• Connectors: SC, LC, FC, or customized options depending on network requirements

Key Specifications

• Insertion Loss: Typically ranges from 3.5 dB (1:2) to 20 dB (1:64) depending on split ratio and type
• Uniformity: PLC splitters provide highly uniform output power across all ports
• Operating Temperature: Designed for indoor and outdoor environments, often -40°C to +85°C for OSP models
• Compliance: RoHS compliant, ISO 9001 certified for quality assurance

Applications

• FTTH networks, PON systems, Passive Optical LANs, RFoG
• Reduces fiber count and OLT ports required, lowering deployment costs
• Scalable: Adding new subscribers only requires connecting additional ONTs to existing splitter outputs By selecting the appropriate splitter type, ratio, and packaging, network operators can optimize bandwidth distribution, reduce infrastructure costs, and ensure reliable performance in both centralized and distributed PON architectures .